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Saturn was shot with a C11 Edge and Barlow working at f/29 at 8,100 mm of focal length with a Canon T2i (550D) in 640 x 480 Movie Crop mode at 60 frames per second at ISO 6,400 at 1/60 second exposure. About 7,200 frames were shot in 2 minutes of video. The best 1,000 were stacked in RegiStax.640 x 480 Movie Crop Mode is a special video recording mode that was introduced with the Canon T2i (550D). It is also available on the Canon 60D and 60Da. It records a 640 x 480 pixel rectangle in the center of the sensor at 1:1 pixel resolution. Movie crop mode allows you to shoot at 60 frames per second.When we use just the central 640 x 480 pixel rectangle inside of the larger full 5184 x 3456 pixel size of the sensor, we are utilizing the full resolution of that 640 x 480 pixel area. The detail in the final image is exactly the same as when it was shot. This is exactly what we need for high-resolution planetary imaging.Movie Crop Mode is a special video mode that is accessed through a sub-menu on the LCD on the back of the camera when the camera's main control dial on the top of the camera is set to video mode. The following table compares the differences between 640 x 480 Movie Crop Mode in the Canon T2i (550D), 60D, and 60Da and 5x Live View capture with with software. Mode Size in Pixels FPS 1:1 Pixel Resolution Movie Crop Mode 640 x 480 60 fps Yes 5x Live View 1024 x 680 5 - 30 fps Very close to it Not all DSLR cameras offer 640 x 480 Movie Crop Mode. But it's not a big deal if your camera doesn't have

Position and timing of the comet made photographing this celestial event a challenge. It sat rather low in the sky, and there was a limited window of time to capture it in the early morning, or just after dusk. There are many things I would change if I could photograph Comet NEOWISE again, but I will have to wait until it returns to Earth in 8,786.Total Exposure Time: 7 MinutesDetails: 32 x 14-secondsCamera: Canon EOS 60DaTelescope/Lens: Rokinon 135mm F/2Filter: NoneMount: Sky-Wfatcher Star AdventurerGuide Scope: NoneGuide Camera: NoneAcquisition: Remote Shutter Release CableIntegration/Calibration: DeepSkyStackerProcessing: Adobe Photoshop 2020The Planet MarsObject Type: Solar System (Planet)Imaging Style: RGB Camera Type: Monochrome CMOS The Mars Opposition was another amazing celestial event that seemed to further ignite interest in astronomy in 2020. On October 13th, 2020, Mars was at its closest to Earth, and I photographed the planet shortly before this date.Up until this year, my best photos of Mars were tiny, blurry orange orbs in the sky. I had never captured any interesting details of the planet’s rocky surface before. This type of astrophotography requires different acquisition software and a completely different post-processing routine as well. The results were incredible, considering I still have much to learn.High magnification planetary imaging is still quite foreign to me, although I have been photographing planets for quite some time. This time, I used a large SCT (Celestron Edge HD 11) and a dedicated astronomy camera that excels in planetary photography.The most difficult part of the process was painstakingly removing and replacing each RGB filter in front of the camera (and re-focusing each time) to create a full-color image with my monochrome camera. This is exactly why filter wheels exist, I just did not own one at the time. The process becomes even more challenging as the planet slowly rotates (some, faster than others), and you realize that the rotation has created a mismatch in terms of surface details from one color to the next. Total Exposure Time: N/ADetails: Stack of Best 250 Frames each RGB FilterCamera: ZWO ASI290MM MiniTelescope/Lens: Celestron Edge HD 11Filter: Astronomik LRGBMount: Sky-Watcher EQ8-R ProGuide Scope: NoneGuide Camera: NoneAcquisition: FireCaptureIntegration/Calibration: AutoStakkert!Processing: Registax 6, Adobe Photoshop 2020NG 6960: The Western Veil NebulaObject Type: Supernova RemnantImaging Style: Multi-Bandpass NarrowbandCamera Type: Dedicated Astronomy Camera (one-shot-color CMOS)I took several photos with the versatile QHY268C one-shot-color astronomy camera in 2020. It was difficult to choose a favorite, as they all ended up being my best versions of each object to date. The Veil Nebula looked especially beautiful when captured with this camera, and I photographed it from every angle possible. The Optolong L-eXtreme filter was made for this target, and I was thrilled with my results using this combo.The separation between

Much has changed in the last few years regarding the way in which planetary images are taken. Planetary imaging used to be one of the most challenging aspects of astronomical imaging, but new technology has now made capturing high-resolution pictures easy and inexpensive. CCD cameras and inexpensive digital cameras can be used for planetary imaging, but they suffer from some of the same disadvantages that made film photography of the planets extremely difficult. The current state of the art in planetary imaging is now the webcam--despite its very low cost, this camera is ideal for imaging the planets, and is far and away the most popular method of doing so. Be sure to also check out the Webcam page.Above: Jupiter imaged with a webcam and 10" f/9 refractorThe Keys to Good Planetary ImagingThe most important factor in planetary imaging is atmospheric stability, or good seeing conditions. If the atmosphere is turbulent, no amount of equipment can compensate for it. The planets are small and require very high magnifications in order to obtain high resolution images. Unsteady air will smear the image of a planet, even during a brief exposure, blurring any fine details.Even on nights of good seeing there will be moments when the conditions are better than average. Ideally, you want to capture an image during the moment of greatest clarity.The reason this is normally difficult -- and was almost impossible in the days of film photography -- is that you never know when this moment will come. With film, exposures are longer than with CCDs, so there is more likelihood of the image blurring during the course of the exposure. Another drawback is that to capture the proper moment of good seeing, you have to continue taking picture after picture hoping to grab one during a steady instant of seeing. With film, this was a problem because you only got 24 or 36 shots in a roll of film. Then you were out $6 plus processing (and scanning if you wanted digital pictures). And out of 36 shots you may not have gotten more than 1 or 2 good ones, if that.Even with a CCD camera, the situation is little improved. The increased sensitivity of a CCD chip allows shorter exposures, resulting in more good images for a given amount taken, but taking these images still consumes a lot of time and effort. Ideally, hundreds or even thousands of images will be captured, because stacking multiple good images results in a better final image.Webcams are ideal for planetary imaging because they allows those hundreds or thousands of pictures to be captured in a matter of seconds at a very high frame rate (usually around 10-20 frames per second). The images are captured as a video file which can then be broken down into individual component frames. The latest software packages, such as Registax, allow the individual frames to be analyzed and sorted for sharpness. The worst images are rejected, while the best files are combined for processing. This