Background shorthand css3

Topic: CSS3 Properties ReferencePrev|Next Description The columns CSS property is a shorthand property for setting both the column-width and the column-count properties at the same time. The following table summarizes the usages context and the version history of this property. Default value: auto auto; See individual properties Applies to: Non-replaced block-level elements (except table elements), table cells, and inline-block elements Inherited: No Animatable: Yes, as each of the properties of the shorthand is animatable. See animatable properties. Version: New in CSS3 Syntax The syntax of the property is given with: The example below shows the columns property in action. p { -webkit-columns: 150px 3; /* Chrome, Safari, Opera */ -moz-columns: 150px 3; /* Firefox */ columns: 150px 3; /* Standard syntax */} Property Values The following table describes the values of this property. Value Description column-width Specifies the optimal width of the column in a multi-column element. column-count Specifies the optimal number of columns in a multi-column element. initial Sets this property to its default value. inherit If specified, the associated element takes the computed value of its parent element columns property. Browser Compatibility The columns property is supported in all major modern browsers. Basic Support— Firefox 2+ -moz- Google Chrome 4+ -webkit- Internet Explorer 10+ Apple Safari 3.1+ -webkit- Opera 11.1+ -o-, 15+ -webkit- Further Reading See tutorial on: CSS3 Multi-column Layouts. Related properties: column-span, column-fill, column-gap, column-rule, column-rule-color, column-rule-style, column-rule-width, column-count, column-width.

Topic: CSS3 Properties ReferencePrev|Next Description The flex CSS property specifies the components of a flexible length. It is a shorthand property for setting the flex-grow, flex-shrink and the flex-basis properties at once. The following table summarizes the usages context and the version history of this property. Default value: 0 1 auto; See individual properties Applies to: Flex items Inherited: No Animatable: Yes, as each of the properties of the shorthand is animatable. See animatable properties. Version: New in CSS3 Syntax The syntax of the property is given with: flex: [ flex-grow flex-shrink flex-basis ] | none | auto | initial | inherit The example below shows the flex property in action. .flex-container { -webkit-flex: 1; /* Safari 6.1+ */ -ms-flex: 1; /* IE 10 */ flex: 1; /* Standard syntax */} Property Values The following table describes the values of this property. Value Description flex-grow Specifies the flex grow factor or positive flexibility for the flex item. flex-shrink Specifies the flex shrink factor or negative flexibility for the flex item. flex-basis Specifies the initial size of the flex item. none Equivalent to setting flex to 0 0 auto. auto Equivalent to setting flex to 1 1 auto. initial Sets this property to its default value. inherit If specified, the associated element takes the computed value of its parent element flex property. Browser Compatibility The flex property is supported in all major modern browsers. Basic Support— Firefox 18+ -moz-, 28 Google Chrome 21+ -webkit-, 29 Internet Explorer 10+ -ms-, 11 Apple Safari 6.1+ -webkit- Opera 12.1+ Further Reading See tutorial on: CSS3 Multi-column Layouts. Related properties: align-content, align-items, align-self, display, flex-basis, flex-direction, flex-flow, flex-grow, flex-shrink, flex-wrap, justify-content, min-height, min-width, order.

What are they? Shorthand properties are CSS properties that let you set the values of multiple CSS properties at once. CSS shorthand groups the definition of common properties acting on the same theme.For example, `background` can define the values for `background-color`, `background-image`, `background-repeat`, and `background-position`.Another common example of shorthand properties is using `margin` and `padding` to define the respective values on an element at once. Without having to specify `top`, `right`, `left` and `bottom` individually. Why should we use them? By using shorthand properties we can be more concise in our code and in most cases more readable as well. This allows us to save time and energy in the long run making us more productive. Edge Cases While shorthand properties make us more productive, there are some edge cases we need to keep in mind when using them. A value which is not specified will be set to it’s initial value. What this means, is if we don’t specify a value in the shorthand, regardless if we have previously defined the value or not, it will be defaulted back to it’s initial value.For Example: You might expect, in this case that the `background-color` would still be blue but because the second declaration takes priority and it doesn’t define a value for `background-color` it defaults it back to the initial value which is `transparent`. Only individual properties values can inherit. Missing values in a shorthand declaration are replaced by their initial or default value as described above. This makes it impossible to allow inheritance of individual properties by omitting them in a declaration.The keyword `inherit` can only be applied to a property in whole, not on a per value basis. So if you do want to inherit a value, then you need to use the longhand property and specify `inherit`.For