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To pass test data to the test method. The test method will run as per the number of rows of data passed via the data provider method.101. What are some common assertions provided by TestNG?Some of the common assertions provided by TestNG are-assertEquals(String actual, String expected, String message) – (and other overloaded data types in parameters)assertNotEquals(double data1, double data2, String message) – (and other overloaded data type in parameters)assertFalse(boolean condition, String message)assertTrue(boolean condition, String message)assertNotNull(Object object)fail(boolean condition, String message)true(String message)102. What is the use of the testng.xml file?A testng.xml file is used for configuring the whole test suite. In this file, we can create a test suite, create test groups, mark tests for parallel execution, add listeners, and pass parameters to test scripts. Later, this testng.xml file can be used for triggering the test suite.103. How can we pass the parameter to the test script using TestNG?Using @Parameter annotation and the ‘parameter’ tag in testng.xml we can pass parameters to the test script.Sample testng.xml – Sample test script-public class TestFile { @Test @Parameters("sampleParamName") public void parameterTest(String paramValue) { System.out.println("Value of sampleParamName is - " + sampleParamName); }104. How can we create a data-driven framework using TestNG?Using @DataProvider we can create a data-driven framework. Basically, we can pass test data to the associated test method and then multiple iterations of the test run for the different test data values passed from the @DataProvider method. The method annotated with @DataProvider annotation return a 2D array of object.//Data provider returning 2D array of 3*2 matrix @DataProvider(name = "dataProvider1") public Object[][] dataProviderMethod1() { return new Object[][] {{"kuldeep","rana"}, {"k1","r1"},{"k2","r2"}}; } //This method is bound to the above data provider returning 2D array of 3*2 matrix //The test case will run 3 times with different set of values @Test(dataProvider = "dataProvider1") public void sampleTest(String s1, String s2) { System.out.println(s1 + " " + s2); }105. What is the use of @Listener annotation in TestNG?Listeners are used for performing some action in case an event gets triggered. Usually, testNG listeners are used for configuring reports and logging. One of the most widely used listeners in testNG is the ITestListener interface. It has methods like onTestSuccess, onTestFailure, onTestSkipped, etc. We need to implement this interface by creating a listener class of our own. After that using the @Listener annotation, we can specify that for a particular test class, a customized listener class should be used.@Listeners(PackageName.CustomizedListenerClassName.class)public class TestClass { WebDriver driver= new FirefoxDriver(); @Test public void testMethod(){ //test logic }} 106. How can we make one test method dependent on others using TestNG?Using the ‘dependsOnMethods’ parameter inside @Test annotation in TestNG, we can make one test method run only after the successful execution of the dependent test method. @Test(dependsOnMethods

Eclipse Tycho: Release notesThis page describes the noteworthy improvements provided by each release of Eclipse Tycho.If you are reading this in the browser, then you can quickly jump to specific versions by using the rightmost button above the headline:5.0.0 (under development)Support for JVMs Previously Tycho could detect JVMs down to Java 1.1 what requires running some java code to run on these platforms.As it becomes harder over time to actually compile code for such old targets while compilers are dropping support,Tycho from now on by default only supports to detect JVMs with version 1.8 or higher.Users who absolutely need this can configure a previous version of the tycho-lib-detector with the system property tycho.libdetector.versionTestNG support improved / TestNG deprecatedThe previous Tycho TestNG support was rather flawed it worked but required some hacks, this is now improved so one can consumedirectly official TestNG artifacts.This also revealed that TestNG itself has some major flaws and only works in an old 6.9.10 version:TestNG should have a DynamicImport-PackageTestNG is no longer working in OSGi environmentsMETA-INF/MANIFEST.MF not correctly generatedSupport to setup a method selector instance directlyBecause of this TestNG is deprecated and will be removed in a future version unless someone express interest in TestNG and helps improvingit so we can upgrade to later versions.Support for implicit dependencies in target definitionsIn target definitions Tycho now supports to use the ,see Eclipse Helpfor more details.Support for version ranges and no version for units in target definitionsIn target definitions Tycho now supports to use a range as version of a unit or to skip the version entirely in InstallableUnit locations, just like Eclipse-PDE.Specifying no version is equivalent to 0.0.0 which resolves to the latest version available.All of the following variants to specify a version are now possible: "> new quickfix and cleanup mojoKeeping code up-todate is a daunting

Line of code Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); ‘WebDriver’ is an interface and we are creating an object of type WebDriver instantiating an object of FirefoxDriver class.94. What is the purpose of creating a reference variable- ‘driver’ of type WebDriver instead of directly creating a FireFoxDriver object or any other driver’s reference in the statement Webdriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();?By creating a reference variable of type WebDriver, we can use the same variable to work with multiple browsers like ChromeDriver, IEDriver, etc.95. Name an API used for reading and writing data to Excel files.Apache POI API and JXL(Java Excel API) can be used for reading, writing, and updating Excel files.96. Name an API used for logging in Java.Log4j is an open-source API widely used for logging in Java. It supports multiple levels of logging like – ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, TRACE, and FATAL.97. What is the use of logging in automation?Logging helps in debugging the tests when required and also provides storage of the test’s runtime behavior.98. What is TestNG?TestNG(NG for Next Generation) is a testing framework that can be integrated with Selenium or any other automation tool. Moreover, it provides multiple capabilities like assertions, reporting, parallel test execution, etc.99. What are some advantages of TestNG?Following are the advantages of TestNG-TestNG provides different assertions that help in checking the expected and actual results.It provides parallel execution of test methods.We can define the dependency of one test method over others in TestNG.Also, we can assign priority to test methods in selenium.It allows the grouping of test methods into test groups.It allows data-driven testing using @DataProvider annotation.TestNG has inherent support for reporting.It has support for parameterizing test cases using @Parameters annotation.You can also look for What is TestNG?100. What are commonly used TestNG annotations?The commonly used TestNG annotations are-@Test – The @Test annotation marks a method as a test method.@BeforeSuite – The annotated method will run only once before all tests in this suite have run.@AfterSuite -The annotated method will run only once after all tests in this suite have run.@BeforeClass – The annotated method will run only once before the first test method in the current class is invoked.@AfterClass – The annotated method will run only once after all the test methods in the current class have been run.@BeforeTest – The annotated method will run before any test method belonging to the classes inside the tag is run.@AfterTest – The annotated method will run after all the test methods belonging to the classes inside the tag have run.@BeforeMethod – The annotated method will run before each test method marked by @Test annotation.@AfterMethod – The annotated method will run after each test method marked by @Test annotation.@DataProvider-The @DataProvider annotation is used

= { "preTests" })107. How can we set the priority of test cases in TestNG?Using the priority parameter in @Test annotation in TestNG we can define the priority of test cases. The default priority of the test when not specified is the integer value 0. Example-108. What is the default priority of a test method in TestNG?The default priority of a test when not specified is integer value 0. So, if we have one test case with priority 1 and one without any priority then the test without any priority value will execute first.109. How to prevent a test case from running using TestNG?A Test method can be disabled from getting executed by setting the “enabled” attribute as false.//In case of a test method@Test(enabled = false)public void testMethod1() { //Test logic} //In case of test method belonging to a group@Test(groups = {"NegativeTests"}, enabled = false)public void testMethod2() { //Test logic}110. How can we run test cases in parallel using TestNG?In order to run the tests in parallel just add these two key-value pairs in the suite-parallel=”{methods/tests/classes}”thread-count=”{number of threads you want to run simultaneously}”.111. What is the use of @Factory annotation in TestNG?@Factory annotation helps in the dynamic execution of test cases. Using @Factory annotation, we can pass parameters to the whole test class at run time. The parameters passed can then be used by one or more test methods of that class.For example – there are two classes TestClass and the TestFactory class. Because of the @Factory annotation, the test methods in class TestClass will run twice with the data “k1” and “k2”.public class TestClass{ private String str; //Constructor public TestClass(String str) { this.str = str; } @Test public void TestMethod() { System.out.println(str); }} public class TestFactory{ //The test methods in class TestClass will run twice with data "k1" and "k2" @Factory public Object[] factoryMethod() { return new Object[] { new TestClass("K1"), new TestClass("k2") }; }}112. What is the difference between @Factory and @DataProvider annotation?@Factory method creates instances of test class and runs all the test methods in that class with a different set of data.Whereas, @DataProvider is bound to individual test methods and runs the specific methods multiple times.Selenium Tricky Interview Questions113. How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium WebDriver?During automation, many times we face situations in which the application to be automated has certain elements whose locators are dynamic or in other way not known beforehand. These elements change their attributes, IDs, or positions in the DOM during runtime. To effectively handle these elements, we can use the following strategies-1. Using XPath or CssSelector with Contains–We can use XPath or CSS selectors with the “contains” function to locate elements based on partial attribute values that remain constant.

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This Selenium Tutorial on Assertions Explains What Are Assertions in Selenium And Different Types of Assertions And Assertion Methods Using Junit and TestNG Frameworks:Assertions are used for validating a test case and helps us understand if a test case has passed or failed. The assertion is considered to be met if the actual result of an application matches with that of the expected result.While automating web applications using Selenium, we need to validate our tests to verify if they are working as expected or not (that is, if a test case result is pass/fails).=> Take A Look At The Selenium Beginners Guide Here.A test case is considered to be passed only if all the assertions have been met. Assertions in Selenium can be handled by pre-defined methods of Junit and TestNG frameworks, which will be explained in detail in this article.Table of Contents:Assertions In SeleniumVideo Tutorial On AssertionsTypes of Assertions in Selenium#1) Hard Assertions (Or Simply Assertions)#2) Soft AssertionsWhen To Use Hard And Soft Assertion?Junit Assert Methods#1) assertEquals#2) assertTrue#3) assertFalse#4) assertNull#5) assertNotNull#6) assertSame#7) assertNotSame#8) assertArrayEqualsTestNG Assert MethodsVideo Tutorials On TestNG Assert Methods#1) assertEquals#2) assertNotEquals#3) assertTrue#4) assertFalse#5) assertNull#6) assertNotNullSample Programs for AssertionsEnd To End Code For AssertionsConclusionWas this helpful?Recommended ReadingAssertions are used to perform various kinds of validations in the test cases, which in turn helps us to decide whether the test case has passed or failed. We consider a test as successful if it runs without any exception.Video Tutorial On AssertionsTypes of Assertions in SeleniumThere are two types of assertions in Selenium and the categorization depends on how the assertion behaves after a condition is pass or fail.Here, we would discuss two types of assertions in Selenium:Hard AssertionsSoft AssertionsClick here for sample test cases for testing assertions.#1) Hard Assertions (Or Simply Assertions)A hard assertion does not continue with execution until