Height from sea level
Author: m | 2025-04-25
Mean Sea Level (MSL): Your Height Above Sea Level. MSL, on the other hand, is your height measured from the average sea level across the globe. This isn’t a static numberscientists
HEIGHT, ELEVATION AND SEA LEVEL
This site was designed to help you find the height above sea level of your current location, or any point on Earth. When viewed from a phone that supports altitude readings, the reading will come directly from your device altitude reading and will update automatically as you move. From a computer your elevation is loaded from our API based on your location.The elevation map also supports dragging the location pin on the map to search for nearby locations. You can also use the search bar to find any location in the world.Why use an elevation map?An elevation map is a topographical map that shows the height of the land above sea level. Elevation maps are also used by hikers and backpackers to determine the difficulty of a hike. Elevation maps are also used by surveyors to determine the elevation of a plot of land.What is elevation?Elevation is a measurement of height above sea level. Elevation typically refers to the height of a point on the earth’s surface, and not in the air. Altitude is a measurement of an object’s height, often referring to your height above the ground (such as in an airplane or a satellite). While elevation is often the preferred term for the height of your current location, altitude and height above sea level are also common.How do you find your elevation?Using this website you can find out your elevation no matter where you are. How does this site determine your precise elevation? The site receives GPS data
Global Sea Levels: Current Historic Global Sea Level Heights /
This site was designed to help you find the height above sea level of your current location, or any point on Earth. When viewed from a phone that supports altitude readings, the reading will come directly from your device altitude reading and will update automatically as you move. It will even work when your phone is offline. From a computer your elevation is loaded from our API based on your location.What is elevation?Elevation is a measurement of height above sea level. Elevation typically refers to the height of a point on the earth’s surface, and not in the air. Altitude is a measurement of an object’s height, often referring to your height above the ground (such as in an airplane or a satellite). While elevation is often the preferred term for the height of your current location, altitude and height above sea level are also common.How is elevation calculated?Using an AltimeterAn altimeter is an instrument used to measure altitude. Altitude is measured with an altimeter by calculating differences in atmospheric pressure. Inside of an altimeter is a barometer which is a device that measures pressure in the air. As you travel upwards, the pressure decreases which causes the bellows inside the barometer to expand. The bellows then give you an accurate reading of your height above sea level regardless of whether you are on the ground, in a tree, or in an airplane. Modern smartphones contain a barometer that can be used as an altimeter to measure elevation or to calculate the number of steps you have climbed.In areas with poor GPS reception an altimeter can be more accurate than GPS-based elevation readings and do not require an Internet connection.Using a Digital Elevation ModelSatellite data from NASA and other public agencies can be combined to create what is called a DEM or Digital Elevation Model which is a detailed list of elevation values for points on the Earth’s surface. You can then use GPS to fetch the value elevation reading in the DEM.When we look at representations of the earth we typically see a perfectly circular sphere. But the reality is that the surface of the earth is rather corrugated, rugged and irregular. These irregularities and variations in the earth’s surface determine the acceleration of gravity, which vicariously creates the shape of the earth’s liquids. If we were to hypothetically subtract winds, tides and other external forces that alter bodies of water we would be left with something known as the geoid. It is the shape that the Earth’s surface would take if it were all one big ocean without winds or tides. The geoid is purely hypothetical though, but it is used as a reference for land surveyors to determine elevation based on what the sea-level would have been for a given point on Earth without land. This is also referred to as “height above mean sea level”.The planet earth is extremely large and has radically diverse elevations. For example, the highest point on earth is Mt. Everest, whichHeight above mean sea level - Wikipedia
12. Crosswind component chartLanding ChartsLanding performance is affected by variables similar to those affecting takeoff performance. It is necessary to compensate for differences in density altitude, weight of the airplane, and headwinds. Like takeoff performance charts, landing distance information is available as normal landing information, as well as landing distance over a 50 foot obstacle. As usual, read the associated conditions and notes in order to ascertain the basis of the chart information. Remember, when calculating landing distance that the landing weight is not the same as the takeoff weight. The weight must be recalculated to compensate for the fuel that was used during the flight.Sample Problem 11Pressure Altitude………………1,250 feetTemperature…………………….StandardRefer to Figure 13. This example makes use of a landing distance table. Notice that the altitude of 1,250 feet is not on this table. It is, therefore, necessary to interpolate to find the correct landing distance. The pressure altitude of 1,250 is halfway between sea level and 2,500 feet. First, find the column for sea level and the column for 2,500 feet. Take the total distance of 1,075 for sea level and the total distance of 1,135 for 2,500 and add them together. Divide the total by two to obtain the distance for 1,250 feet. The distance is 1,105 feet total landing distance to clear a 50 foot obstacle. Repeat this process to obtain the ground roll distance for the pressure altitude. The ground roll should be 457.5 feet.Figure 13. Landing distance tableSample Problem 12OAT……………………………………. 57 °FPressure Altitude………………….. 4,000 feetLanding Weight……………………..2,400 poundsHeadwind……………………………. 6 knotsObstacle Height…………………… 50 feetUsing the given conditions and Figure 14, determine the landing distance for the aircraft. This graph is an example of a combined landing distance graph and allows compensation for temperature, weight, headwinds, tailwinds, and varying obstacle height. Begin by finding the correct OAT on the scale on the left side of the chart. Move up in a straight line to the correct pressure altitude of 4,000 feet. From this intersection, move straight across to the first dark reference line. Follow the lines in the same diagonal fashion until the correct landing weight is reached. At 2,400 pounds, continue in a straight line across to the second dark reference line. Once again, draw a line in a diagonal manner to the correct wind component and then straight across to the third dark reference line. From this point, draw a line in two separate directions: one straight across to figure the ground roll and one in a diagonal manner to the correct obstacle height. This should be 975 feet for the total ground roll and 1,500 feet for the total distance over a 50 foot obstacle.Figure 14. Landing distance graphStall Speed Performance ChartsStall speed performance charts. Mean Sea Level (MSL): Your Height Above Sea Level. MSL, on the other hand, is your height measured from the average sea level across the globe. This isn’t a static numberscientistsSea Level Height Data Set - NASA
What is a Vertical Datum? When the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assesses the possibility of a 100-year flood and states that floodwaters will rise 25 feet… …what exactly is “25 feet” referenced to? We need a consistent starting point to compare flood and ground elevations. Enter the vertical datum. Surveyors, geodesists, and insurers use the vertical datum as a surface of zero elevation to which heights can be referred.Tidal Datums vs Vertical Geodetic DatumsWhen you talk about vertical datums, you can break them into two:TIDAL DATUMS reflect the interface between water and land and are defined by the tidal variation. For example, a tide gauge in the water measures mean sea level. Tidal datums are localized because the transition between types of datums can shift quickly. It’s also time-dependent. Installing a Tide Gauge | Image Credit: NOAAGEODETIC DATUMS are reference surfaces of zero elevation to which heights are referred to over a large geographic extent. These datums are used to measure the height (altitude) and depth (depression) above and below mean sea level. Commonly used vertical datums in North America are the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).A (vertical) geodetic datum often ties in tidal datums. A geodetic datum reference might use a tidal datum as a starting point. If you think about it, a community’s height system should be consistent with a tidal datum because that’s where the water will flow.Types of Reference HeightsThere are different types of heights to be aware of when referring to a vertical datum. These are the 3 primary types of heights, although other types of heights exist: ORTHOMETRIC represents the height distance between the Earth’s surface and geoid at a specific point. Surveyors usually refer to orthometric heights. When you take the height at the peak of a mountain. It’s an orthometric height measured as the distance between the surface and the geoid.GEOID coincides with mean sea level as if you are imagining it as an extension under (or over) land areas. The geoid is an equipotential surface at which gravity is normal – closely approximating mean sea level. This is because of the varying densities that are present on the Earth at different places. There are gravity anomalies with undulations differing from place to place.Land and mountains prevent us from seeing the geoid surface of the Earth. The Earth’s interior differsheight above sea level Crossword Clue
Yes, Bangalore is situated at a higher altitude than Dehradun.1. Is Bangalore at high altitude?Yes, Bangalore is located at a height of over 3,000 feet (914.4 m) above sea level.2. Which city in India has the highest elevation?The highest elevation city in India is Leh, located in the Union Territory of Ladakh. It is situated at an altitude of approximately 3,500 meters (11,500 feet) above sea level.3. How much height is Bangalore from sea level?Bangalore is located at an elevation of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level.4. What is the altitude of Bangalore compared to hill station?Bangalore is 3000ft above sea level, which is higher than Dehradun, Lonavala, and Matheran.5. Bengaluru Has The World’s Best City Weather. Why?No information given.6. Which hill station in India is at a higher altitude?Leh, located in the Union Territory of Ladakh, is the highest hill station in India with an altitude of 3,505 meters.7. Which place has the highest altitude in Bangalore?The highest point in Bangalore is Doddabettahalli, which is 962 m (3,156 ft) above sea level.8. Is Bangalore bigger than Delhi?No, Delhi is slightly bigger than Bangalore in terms of its GDP and total area.9. Is Bangalore weather good for health?The climate in Bangalore is always pleasant throughout the year, but it can be dry, which may lead to dryness, flakiness, and irritation of the skin.10. Which is the highest altitude in India for tourists?Kangchenjunga, located on the India-Nepal border, is the highest mountain peak in India.11. Which city in India is below sea level?Kuttanad, located in the state of Kerala, is the lowest point in India, set at an elevation of 2.2 m below sea level.12. Which city in India has the lowest elevation?Kuttanad, located in Kerala, is the lowest point in India with an elevation of 2.2 m below sea level.13. Why is Bangalore so famous?Bangalore is famous for being the “Silicon Valley of India” or the “IT capital of India” due to its role as the nation’s leading exporter of information technology. It is also known for its green spaces and parks.14. Why Bangalore is so congested?The congestionHeight Above Sea Level Chart - HyVac
Skip to main content ERA5 Monthly Aggregates - Latest Climate Reanalysis Produced by ECMWF / Copernicus Climate Change Service Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. Description ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate.Reanalysis combines model data with observations from across the world intoa globally complete and consistent dataset. ERA5 replaces its predecessor,the ERA-Interim reanalysis.ERA5 MONTHLY provides aggregated values for each month for seven ERA5climate reanalysis parameters: 2m air temperature, 2m dewpoint temperature,total precipitation,mean sea level pressure, surface pressure, 10m u-component of wind and10m v-component of wind. Additionally, monthly minimum and maximum airtemperature at 2m has been calculated based on the hourly 2m air temperaturedata. Monthly total precipitation values are given as monthly sums.All other parameters are provided as monthly averages.ERA5 data is available from 1940 to three months from real-time, the version in the EE Data Catalog is available from 1979. More informationand more ERA5 atmospheric parameters can be found at theCopernicus Climate Data Store.Provider's Note: Monthly aggregates have been calculated based on the ERA5 hourly valuesof each parameter. BandsPixel Size27830 metersBandsNameUnitsMinMaxDescriptionmean_2m_air_temperatureK 224* 304*Average air temperature at 2m height (monthly average)minimum_2m_air_temperatureK 213.1* 298.9*Minimum air temperature at 2m height (monthly minimum)maximum_2m_air_temperatureK 233.8* 314.3*Maximum air temperature at 2m height (monthly maximum)dewpoint_2m_temperatureK 219.8* 297.6*Dewpoint temperature at 2m height (monthly average)total_precipitationm 0* 0.4*Total precipitation (monthly sums)surface_pressurePa 65256.9* 102427*Surface pressure (monthly average)mean_sea_level_pressurePa 98206.4* 102943*Mean sea level pressure (monthly average)u_component_of_wind_10mm/s -8.7* 8.7*10m u-component of wind (monthly average)v_component_of_wind_10mm/s -6.8* 6.8*10m v-component of wind (monthly average) * estimated min or max valueImage PropertiesImage PropertiesNameTypeDescriptionmonthINTMonth of the datayearINTYear of the data Terms of Use Terms of Use Please acknowledge the use of ERA5 as stated in the Copernicus C3S/CAMS License agreement:5.1.1 Where the Licensee communicates or distributes Copernicus Products to the public,the Licensee shall inform the recipients ofHeight about sea level Crossword Clue
Cylinder. This force acts in the is inversely proportional to density of thedownward direction. Therefore, the pressure p liquid.exerted by the liquid column on the bottom of Example 2.2: A swimmer is swimming incylinder is, a swimming pool at 6 m below the surface p = FA ∴ p = mAg of the water. Calculate the pressure on theNow, m = (volume of cylinder) x (density of swimmer due to water above. (Density of water = 1000 kg/m3, g = 9.8 m/s2) Solution: Given,liquid) h = 6 m, ρ = 1000 kg/m3, g = 9.8 m/s2 = (Ah) × ρ = Ahρ p = hρg = 6 × 1000 × 9.8 = 5.88 × 105 N/m2? p AhU g (Which is nearly 6 times the atmospheric A pressure!) p = hρg --- (2.2) 2.3.2 Atmospheric Pressure: Earth's atmosphere is made up of a fluid,Thus, the pressure p due to a liquid of namely, air. It exerts a downward force duedensity ρ at rest, and at a depth h below the to its weight. The pressure due to this force is called atmospheric pressure. Thus, at anyfree surface is hρg. point, the atmospheric pressure is the weight of a column of air of unit cross section startingNote that the pressure dose not dependon the area of the imaginary cylinder used toderive the expression. 28from that point and extending to the top of the Substituting Eq. (2.4) and Eq. (2.5) in Eq. (2.3)atmosphere. Clearly, the atmospheric pressure we get,is highest at the surface of the Earth, i.e., at the p2A = p1A + ρAg (x1- x2)sea level, and decreases as we go above the p2 = p1 + ρg (x1- x2) --- (2.6)surface as the height of the column of air above This equation can be used to find thedecreases. The atmospheric pressure at sea pressure inside a liquid (as a function oflevel is called normal atmospheric pressure. depth below the liquid surface) and also theThe density of air in the atmosphere decreases atmospheric pressure (as a function of altitudewith increase in height and becomes negligible or height above the sea level).beyond a height of about 8 km so that theheight of air column producing atmosphericpressure at sea level can be taken to be 8 km. The region where gas pressure is less thanthe atmospheric pressure is called vacuum.Perfect or absolute vacuum is when no matter,i.e., no atoms or molecules are present.Usually, vacuum refers to conditions when thegas pressure is considerably smaller than theatmospheric pressure.2.3.3 Absolute Pressure and Gauge Pressure: Fig. 2.7: Pressure due to an imaginary cylinder Consider a tank filled with water as shown of fluid.in Fig. 2.7. Assume an imaginary cylinder of To find the pressure p at a depth h belowhorizontal base area A and height x1- x2 = h. the liquid surface, let the top of an imaginaryx1 and x2 being the heights measured from areference point, height increasing upwards: cylinder be at the surface of the liquid. Letx1 > x2. The vertical forces acting on the. Mean Sea Level (MSL): Your Height Above Sea Level. MSL, on the other hand, is your height measured from the average sea level across the globe. This isn’t a static numberscientists Where is height above sea level measured from? Height above mean sea level (AMSL) is the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of an object, relative to the
Height above sea level - CodyCross Answers
4 of the 1976 USSA document.Table 1Atmospheric LevelGeopotential Altitude Range (km)Interval (Layer) Number, bBase Geopotential Altitude above mean sea level (MSL), Hb (km)Base Static Pressure, Pb (Pa)Base Temperature, Tb (K)Base Temperature Lapse Rate per Kilometer of Geopotential Altitude, Lb (K/km)Troposphere0–1100101325288.15-6.5Tropopause (Stratosphere I)11–2011122632.06216.650Stratosphere II20–322205474.889216.65+1.0Stratosphere III32–47332868.0187228.65+2.8Stratopause (Mesosphere I)47–51447110.9063270.650Mesosphere II51–7155166.93887270.65-2.8Mesosphere III71–84.96713.95642214.65-2.0 784.8520.3734186.87—“Base” in the table means a value at the start (or bottom) of the altitude range. The negative temperature lapse means the temperature is decreasing with height and the positive lapse means the temperature is increasing with height. I higher number of lapse indicates greater cooling (or warming) with height.To calculate the temperature:find the geopotential altitude from a geometric height;find the interval number, b;the temperature TM at the geopotential altitude H from the surface to 84.85 km is found using seven successive linear equations in different altitude intervals by means of inserting the values from table 1:WhereHb is the base geopotential altitude (see Table 1),Tb is the base temperature,Lb is the base temperature lapse rateThe temperature TM is called the molecular temperature, which is defined aswhere T is the kinetic temperature, which is the air temperature we usually measure using a thermometer. It is a function of the velocity of the molecules of gases of the Earth’s atmosphere. M0 is the molecular mass of air at sea level and MH is the molecular mass of air at the altitude H. At the altitudes below 100 km, molecular mass of air remains constant, therefore the molecular temperature is equal to the kinetic temperature.TheHow do you measure height from sea level? - NCESC
CircloO is a colorful physics platformer in a growing circle. This app version contains all levels from circloO and circloO 2, plus brand-new bonus levels! There's also a level editor and already over 1500 levels created by players like you!You're a small ball rolling around in a round level. Collect circles to grow the level circle. As it grows, everything stays in the level, so you'll have to avoid and use obstacles in everchanging ways. For example, a platform that was first very useful to gain height, may prove to be a challenging obstacle after the level has grown!You can only move left and right, so you'll want to use features of the level carefully to jump and gain height. You'll discover all sorts of physics features, such as changing gravity, a sea of tiny blocks, strange contraptions and even planets with a gravity field. In challenging parts, you'll find yourself fully immersed, pressing the screen as hard as you can trying to get closer to finally collecting that next circle. But don't worry: you'll never have to start over a level, so you can always try again really quickly! And I can guarantee you'll feel amazing once you finally manage it! 😊circloO Complete features:- Lots of cool physics features: ropes, pulleys, changing gravity and much more! I've included quite a few mechanics for you to discover. 😃- 53 fun, growing, ever more challenging levels! Can you complete the six almost-but-not-quite-impossible Hard Mode levels?- All levels from circloO 2 and the original circloO, plus twelve brand-new levels!- Unique physics puzzles in each level.- Great music and sound effects by Stijn Cappetijn.- Minimalist and colorful graphics.- The game will take most players two to three hours to complete. Level times are saved, so you can try to beat your own highscores. Mean Sea Level (MSL): Your Height Above Sea Level. MSL, on the other hand, is your height measured from the average sea level across the globe. This isn’t a static numberscientistsheight above sea level 9 Crossword Clue
Official Artwork[]IllustrationGacha AnimationGacha Animation (without glow effect)Base SpriteHead IconCharacter CardSoulstoneSoulcoreSkill IconCrystal Jam Skill Icon-HQ- Moonlight Cookie's Crystal Jam AnimationCrystal Jam Skill AnimationCrystal Jam (Base Level)Crystal Jam (+10)Crystal Jam (+20)Profile IconPackage Profile IconLobby BackgroundBeta Assets[]Beta IllustrationBeta Gacha AnimationBeta Character CardGacha Assets[]Gacha BackgroundSequence AssetSequence AssetSequence AssetSequence AssetSequence AssetSequence AssetTitle & Loading Screens[]Story Sprites[]Default SpriteHappy SpriteCurious SpriteSad SpriteWorry SpriteMotivated SpriteSerious SpriteCutscene Art[]↕Characters↕<a href="/page/wiki/Wind_Archer_Cookie" title="Wind Archer Cookie"><img alt="Wind Archer Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="19" height="20" data-image-name="Wind archer head.png" data-image-key="Wind_archer_head.png" data-relevant="0" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> <a href="/page/wiki/Sea_Fairy_Cookie" title="Sea Fairy Cookie"><img alt="Sea Fairy Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="18" height="20" data-image-name="Sea fairy head.png" data-image-key="Sea_fairy_head.png" data-relevant="1" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> <a href="/page/wiki/Moonlight_Cookie" title="Moonlight Cookie"><img alt="Moonlight Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="20" height="18" data-image-name="Moonlight head.png" data-image-key="Moonlight_head.png" data-relevant="1" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> <a href="/page/wiki/Frost_Queen_Cookie" title="Frost Queen Cookie"><img alt="Frost Queen Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="20" height="19" data-image-name="Frost queen head.png" data-image-key="Frost_queen_head.png" data-relevant="1" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> <a href="/page/wiki/Stormbringer_Cookie" title="Stormbringer Cookie"><img alt="Stormbringer Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="20" height="20" data-image-name="Stormbringer head.png" data-image-key="Stormbringer_head.png" data-relevant="0" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> <a href="/page/wiki/Fire_Spirit_Cookie" title="Fire Spirit Cookie"><img alt="Fire Spirit Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="15" height="20" data-image-name="Fire spirit head.png" data-image-key="Fire_spirit_head.png" data-relevant="1" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> <a href="/page/wiki/Millennial_Tree_Cookie" title="Millennial Tree Cookie"><img alt="Millennial Tree Cookie" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" decoding="async" loading="lazy" width="20" height="19" data-image-name="Millennial tree head.png" data-image-key="Millennial_tree_head.png" data-relevant="1" data-src=" class="lazyload" /></a> " data-src=" - 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This site was designed to help you find the height above sea level of your current location, or any point on Earth. When viewed from a phone that supports altitude readings, the reading will come directly from your device altitude reading and will update automatically as you move. From a computer your elevation is loaded from our API based on your location.The elevation map also supports dragging the location pin on the map to search for nearby locations. You can also use the search bar to find any location in the world.Why use an elevation map?An elevation map is a topographical map that shows the height of the land above sea level. Elevation maps are also used by hikers and backpackers to determine the difficulty of a hike. Elevation maps are also used by surveyors to determine the elevation of a plot of land.What is elevation?Elevation is a measurement of height above sea level. Elevation typically refers to the height of a point on the earth’s surface, and not in the air. Altitude is a measurement of an object’s height, often referring to your height above the ground (such as in an airplane or a satellite). While elevation is often the preferred term for the height of your current location, altitude and height above sea level are also common.How do you find your elevation?Using this website you can find out your elevation no matter where you are. How does this site determine your precise elevation? The site receives GPS data
2025-03-26This site was designed to help you find the height above sea level of your current location, or any point on Earth. When viewed from a phone that supports altitude readings, the reading will come directly from your device altitude reading and will update automatically as you move. It will even work when your phone is offline. From a computer your elevation is loaded from our API based on your location.What is elevation?Elevation is a measurement of height above sea level. Elevation typically refers to the height of a point on the earth’s surface, and not in the air. Altitude is a measurement of an object’s height, often referring to your height above the ground (such as in an airplane or a satellite). While elevation is often the preferred term for the height of your current location, altitude and height above sea level are also common.How is elevation calculated?Using an AltimeterAn altimeter is an instrument used to measure altitude. Altitude is measured with an altimeter by calculating differences in atmospheric pressure. Inside of an altimeter is a barometer which is a device that measures pressure in the air. As you travel upwards, the pressure decreases which causes the bellows inside the barometer to expand. The bellows then give you an accurate reading of your height above sea level regardless of whether you are on the ground, in a tree, or in an airplane. Modern smartphones contain a barometer that can be used as an altimeter to measure elevation or to calculate the number of steps you have climbed.In areas with poor GPS reception an altimeter can be more accurate than GPS-based elevation readings and do not require an Internet connection.Using a Digital Elevation ModelSatellite data from NASA and other public agencies can be combined to create what is called a DEM or Digital Elevation Model which is a detailed list of elevation values for points on the Earth’s surface. You can then use GPS to fetch the value elevation reading in the DEM.When we look at representations of the earth we typically see a perfectly circular sphere. But the reality is that the surface of the earth is rather corrugated, rugged and irregular. These irregularities and variations in the earth’s surface determine the acceleration of gravity, which vicariously creates the shape of the earth’s liquids. If we were to hypothetically subtract winds, tides and other external forces that alter bodies of water we would be left with something known as the geoid. It is the shape that the Earth’s surface would take if it were all one big ocean without winds or tides. The geoid is purely hypothetical though, but it is used as a reference for land surveyors to determine elevation based on what the sea-level would have been for a given point on Earth without land. This is also referred to as “height above mean sea level”.The planet earth is extremely large and has radically diverse elevations. For example, the highest point on earth is Mt. Everest, which
2025-04-25What is a Vertical Datum? When the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) assesses the possibility of a 100-year flood and states that floodwaters will rise 25 feet… …what exactly is “25 feet” referenced to? We need a consistent starting point to compare flood and ground elevations. Enter the vertical datum. Surveyors, geodesists, and insurers use the vertical datum as a surface of zero elevation to which heights can be referred.Tidal Datums vs Vertical Geodetic DatumsWhen you talk about vertical datums, you can break them into two:TIDAL DATUMS reflect the interface between water and land and are defined by the tidal variation. For example, a tide gauge in the water measures mean sea level. Tidal datums are localized because the transition between types of datums can shift quickly. It’s also time-dependent. Installing a Tide Gauge | Image Credit: NOAAGEODETIC DATUMS are reference surfaces of zero elevation to which heights are referred to over a large geographic extent. These datums are used to measure the height (altitude) and depth (depression) above and below mean sea level. Commonly used vertical datums in North America are the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29) and the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88).A (vertical) geodetic datum often ties in tidal datums. A geodetic datum reference might use a tidal datum as a starting point. If you think about it, a community’s height system should be consistent with a tidal datum because that’s where the water will flow.Types of Reference HeightsThere are different types of heights to be aware of when referring to a vertical datum. These are the 3 primary types of heights, although other types of heights exist: ORTHOMETRIC represents the height distance between the Earth’s surface and geoid at a specific point. Surveyors usually refer to orthometric heights. When you take the height at the peak of a mountain. It’s an orthometric height measured as the distance between the surface and the geoid.GEOID coincides with mean sea level as if you are imagining it as an extension under (or over) land areas. The geoid is an equipotential surface at which gravity is normal – closely approximating mean sea level. This is because of the varying densities that are present on the Earth at different places. There are gravity anomalies with undulations differing from place to place.Land and mountains prevent us from seeing the geoid surface of the Earth. The Earth’s interior differs
2025-04-18